What to Plant in December: Vegetables, Trees, and Bulbs

Knowing what to plant in December can keep your garden active even during the colder months. While winter may seem like a dormant season, many vegetables, trees, and bulbs thrive when planted in cool soil, setting the stage for strong growth in the spring. Cold-hardy greens, root vegetables, and garlic establish deep roots over winter, while deciduous trees and evergreens benefit from the stable moisture levels and reduced transplant shock. Bulbs such as tulips and daffodils require a period of cold dormancy, making December an excellent time for planting. Whether you live in a mild climate like California or experience harsher winters, selecting the right plants and using winter gardening techniques can ensure a productive and resilient landscape.

Vegetables to Plant in December

December is an excellent time to plant cold-hardy vegetables that can tolerate frost and thrive in winter soil. Many of these crops will establish strong root systems over the cooler months, leading to an early spring harvest. The types of vegetables you can plant will depend on your region, but many leafy greens, root crops, and hardy alliums can still be sown.

Cool-Season Leafy Greens

Spinach is one of the best vegetables to plant in December due to its ability to withstand chilly temperatures. It thrives in conditions ranging from 35°F to 75°F, making it well-suited for winter planting. Even when temperatures dip, spinach can continue growing if a light layer of mulch is applied to insulate the roots. This leafy green is fast-growing and can be harvested continuously throughout the season.

Kale is another excellent option for winter gardens, as it becomes even more flavorful after exposure to frost. The cold weather encourages the plant to produce more sugars, resulting in a sweeter taste. Hardy enough to survive temperatures as low as 10°F, kale is a dependable choice for gardeners looking to maintain fresh greens through the colder months.

Swiss chard is slightly more sensitive to frost than spinach and kale, but it will still survive with minimal protection. Unlike other leafy greens that bolt in warm weather, chard continues to grow well into early summer, making it a valuable long-term addition to the garden. It requires well-draining soil and benefits from row covers to shield it from extreme cold.

Root Vegetables for Winter Harvest

Carrots are well-suited for December planting, particularly in milder climates where the soil remains workable. They thrive in deep, loose soil and develop a sweeter flavor when exposed to frost. Their slow-growing nature allows them to mature gradually over the winter, leading to a robust early spring harvest. Protecting carrot seedlings with mulch or a cold frame can enhance their ability to withstand harsh weather.

Beets are another root vegetable that adapts well to winter conditions. They can be sown directly into the ground in December, where they will establish strong roots before the arrival of spring. Consistent moisture is essential for their growth, but excessive watering should be avoided to prevent root splitting. Beets offer both edible greens and flavorful roots, making them a versatile addition to a winter garden.

Radishes are one of the fastest-growing root crops and can be planted in December for a quick harvest. Some winter radish varieties, such as daikon, thrive in cooler temperatures and develop a firmer texture with a more robust flavor. Since radishes mature within a month, planting them in succession every few weeks ensures a continuous yield throughout the season.

Alliums and Winter Garlic

Garlic is one of the most rewarding crops to plant in December, as it requires a long growing season and benefits from cold exposure. Hardneck garlic varieties are particularly well-suited for cold climates since they need a winter chilling period to develop properly. These bulbs should be planted in well-drained soil with ample organic matter, ensuring healthy root establishment before the ground freezes.

Onions can also be planted in December, either from sets or seeds. Growing from seeds requires more time, but early planting allows for strong root development before warmer weather arrives. Onions prefer well-draining soil and consistent moisture to support their slow-growing nature, making them a good fit for winter gardens.

Shallots thrive in conditions similar to onions and garlic but have a milder flavor. These small bulbs should be spaced properly to allow for expansion, as they grow in clusters over the winter months. Shallots are particularly resilient and can handle fluctuating temperatures with ease, making them a great addition to a cold-season garden.

Winter vegetable gardening requires some extra care, such as mulching to retain soil warmth and monitoring for pests that may seek shelter in the cold. However, the benefits of early harvests and a thriving winter garden make it a worthwhile endeavor. With the right plant choices and protective measures, you can maintain a productive and healthy garden even in the heart of winter.

Best Bulbs for December Planting

Planting bulbs in December offers a great opportunity to set the stage for vibrant spring and summer blooms. While many gardeners associate bulb planting with early autumn, there are still plenty of options that can be successfully planted in winter, provided the ground is not frozen. Bulbs require a period of cold dormancy to develop strong roots before emerging with lush growth when temperatures rise. Whether you are planting in a mild climate or experiencing harsher winter conditions, choosing the right bulbs and preparing the soil correctly are essential for success.

Spring-Blooming Bulbs That Thrive with December Planting

Tulips can be planted well into early winter as long as the soil is not frozen solid. These bulbs need a cold period of at least 12 to 16 weeks to trigger proper growth, making December an acceptable time for planting, especially if earlier planting was missed. Once established, tulips produce vibrant, cup-shaped blooms that signal the arrival of spring.

Daffodils are another excellent choice for late planting. Ideally planted in the fall, these bulbs are forgiving and can still establish themselves well if placed in the ground before deep frost sets in. Their natural resilience allows them to endure fluctuating winter temperatures, ensuring bright, cheerful blooms in early spring.

Hyacinths benefit from a late planting schedule, particularly in regions where winters are not too severe. These bulbs thrive when exposed to several weeks of cold, which stimulates their development. Planting hyacinths in December can result in a slightly delayed bloom time, but they will still provide their signature fragrant and colorful flowers in spring.

Crocuses are among the first bulbs to bloom in late winter or early spring and can be planted during December for an early seasonal display. Their compact nature makes them ideal for borders, rock gardens, or naturalized areas where they will return year after year. These hardy flowers push through the snow, offering a much-needed burst of color at the end of winter.

Summer-Flowering Bulbs to Consider for December Planting

Lilies can be planted in December, especially in milder regions where the soil remains workable. These bulbs require a period of cold dormancy, and early winter planting allows them to establish their roots before the arrival of warmer temperatures. The result is stronger stems and more robust blooms during the summer months.

Allium bulbs, known for their striking spherical blooms, also do well when planted in December. These ornamental members of the onion family develop sturdy root systems over winter and emerge with tall, dramatic flowers in late spring to early summer. Because alliums are highly resistant to pests and diseases, they are an excellent low-maintenance option for winter planting.

Gladiolus can sometimes be planted in December in regions with mild winters. While they are more commonly planted in early spring, a late-winter start can give them a head start in warmer climates where the soil never freezes. These tall, spiky flowers bring vertical interest to gardens and bloom in an array of colors throughout summer.

Best Practices for Planting Bulbs in December

Success with December-planted bulbs depends on proper site selection and soil preparation. Since bulbs are susceptible to rot in cold, damp conditions, choosing well-drained soil is essential. Amending the planting site with organic matter, such as compost or aged leaves, can improve drainage and provide nutrients that support early root development. Additionally, positioning bulbs in areas that receive adequate sunlight—at least six hours per day—ensures strong growth when they emerge.

Mulching newly planted bulbs helps regulate soil temperature and prevents frost heaving, which can push bulbs out of the ground as temperatures fluctuate. A layer of straw, bark mulch, or dried leaves provides insulation and also helps retain moisture. In colder regions, using protective coverings such as row covers or cloches can shield bulbs from extreme temperature drops while allowing for proper ventilation.

Watering is another critical factor in winter bulb planting. While bulbs do not require frequent watering in cold weather, they should be given a thorough initial watering after planting to help settle the soil and promote root growth. Afterward, supplemental watering should only be done if conditions are unusually dry. Overwatering during the winter months can lead to fungal diseases, so maintaining a balance is important.

Despite the late planting, December-planted bulbs have the potential to produce vibrant displays in spring and summer. By choosing the right varieties, ensuring good soil conditions, and taking protective measures, you can extend your garden’s seasonal beauty even when the colder months set in.

Trees and Shrubs Suitable for December

Planting trees and shrubs in December is an excellent way to establish long-lasting greenery in your landscape. While it may seem counterintuitive to plant during the colder months, many deciduous and evergreen species benefit from being placed in the ground during this time. The cooler temperatures reduce transplant stress, and the soil remains warm enough for root development, allowing trees and shrubs to establish themselves before the growing season begins in spring. Choosing the right species and planting them with proper care ensures a successful start, even in winter conditions.

Deciduous Trees for December Planting

Oaks are an excellent choice for winter planting, as their hardy root systems benefit from being placed in the ground before the arrival of spring. Whether planting red oak, white oak, or another variety, these trees develop strong, deep roots that support long-term growth. Their resilience makes them a great addition to any landscape.

Maple trees, including sugar and red maple varieties, are also well-suited for December planting. They require consistent soil moisture and good drainage, but once established, they thrive in a variety of climates. The benefit of planting maples in winter is that their roots can slowly acclimate to their new environment, ensuring vigorous growth once the warmer months arrive.

Birch trees, known for their striking white bark and delicate foliage, adapt well to winter planting. Their root systems establish more efficiently when placed in cool soil, allowing them to withstand fluctuating temperatures with minimal stress. These trees provide year-round beauty and are particularly attractive in winter landscapes.

Evergreens That Thrive with December Planting

White pine is a fast-growing evergreen that provides excellent wind protection and privacy when planted strategically. It adapts well to a variety of soils and can tolerate cold temperatures with ease, making it an excellent option for winter planting.

Spruce trees, including blue spruce and Norway spruce, are another excellent choice for December planting. These trees are resilient and can withstand harsh winter conditions, making them popular choices for landscapes in colder climates. Their symmetrical growth habit and dense foliage provide a natural barrier against wind and snow, enhancing the overall aesthetic and functionality of a winter garden.

Holly shrubs, known for their glossy green leaves and bright red berries, also thrive when planted in December. These evergreens add a festive touch to winter landscapes and provide food for birds and other wildlife. Holly prefers slightly acidic soil and benefits from being mulched to retain moisture and regulate temperature fluctuations.

Boxwood is another excellent choice for winter planting. This evergreen shrub is often used for hedging and ornamental borders. Boxwood shrubs establish quickly in cool weather, ensuring healthy, dense growth in the coming seasons. Their compact growth habit makes them ideal for structured gardens.

Best Practices for Planting Trees and Shrubs in December

Success in December tree and shrub planting begins with proper site selection and soil preparation. Ensuring well-drained soil is crucial, as waterlogged roots can lead to rot, especially in winter when evaporation rates are lower. Digging a hole twice as wide as the root ball allows roots to spread easily, and backfilling with a mix of native soil and organic matter promotes strong root development.

Mulching newly planted trees and shrubs helps protect roots from extreme temperature fluctuations. A layer of mulch, about two to four inches thick, insulates the soil and conserves moisture while also preventing weed growth. However, mulch should not be placed directly against the trunk, as this can lead to rot and fungal infections.

Watering during the winter months is also necessary, especially for evergreens, which continue to lose moisture through their needles. Newly planted trees and shrubs should receive a deep watering after planting to help settle the soil and eliminate air pockets. If the ground is not frozen, occasional watering during dry spells will support healthy root establishment.

Using windbreaks or burlap wraps can provide additional protection for young trees and shrubs, particularly in areas prone to harsh winds or heavy snowfall. Staking may be necessary for taller trees to prevent them from toppling over in strong winter storms. These measures ensure that winter-planted trees and shrubs remain stable and stress-free as they settle into their new environment.

Planting trees and shrubs in December allows them to establish robust root systems before the growing season begins, making them stronger and more resilient in the long run. By selecting hardy species and taking the necessary precautions, you can successfully integrate new greenery into your landscape, ensuring vibrant growth for years to come.

Tips for Successful Winter Gardening

Gardening in winter requires a different approach compared to the warmer months. Cold temperatures, shorter daylight hours, and potential frost can create challenges, but with the right strategies, a winter garden can thrive. Whether you’re planting vegetables, trees, or bulbs, understanding how to protect your plants and optimize their environment ensures strong growth and successful yields in the coming seasons.

Essential Winter Gardening Tips

• Choose Cold-Hardy Plants: Selecting plants that can withstand freezing temperatures is crucial. Vegetables like kale, spinach, and carrots, as well as trees such as oaks and maples, are resilient enough to handle winter conditions. Flowering bulbs such as tulips and daffodils also require cold dormancy to bloom successfully in spring.

• Mulch for Protection: A thick layer of mulch insulates plant roots from extreme temperature fluctuations. Organic mulch such as straw, wood chips, or shredded leaves helps retain moisture, prevents soil erosion, and minimizes frost heaving, which can push plants out of the ground as temperatures fluctuate.

• Water Wisely: Even in winter, plants need adequate moisture. Watering before a hard freeze can prevent desiccation, as hydrated roots are better equipped to survive cold weather. However, overwatering should be avoided since excess moisture can lead to root rot, particularly in plants that are dormant.

• Use Row Covers and Cloches: Protecting young plants and seedlings from frost can significantly improve their survival rate. Floating row covers, cold frames, and cloches create a microclimate that shields plants from harsh winds and freezing temperatures while still allowing sunlight to reach them.

• Plant at the Right Depth: Bulbs and tree roots should be planted deep enough to ensure insulation from cold air. For bulbs like tulips and daffodils, a planting depth of two to three times the bulb’s height is recommended, while trees and shrubs should have their root balls fully covered with soil and a protective mulch layer.

• Monitor for Pests and Disease: While many pests are less active in winter, some, such as aphids and slugs, can still pose a threat, particularly in mild climates. Regularly checking plants and using natural deterrents, such as neem oil or diatomaceous earth, helps keep winter gardens pest-free.

• Ensure Proper Drainage: Standing water can be detrimental to plant health, especially in freezing temperatures. Amending the soil with compost or sand improves drainage, preventing waterlogged roots and reducing the risk of fungal diseases.

Winter gardening offers a unique opportunity to cultivate strong, resilient plants that will thrive in the coming seasons. By implementing protective measures such as mulching, strategic watering, and pest management, your garden can remain productive and well-prepared for spring growth. With the right care, winter-planted vegetables, bulbs, and trees will establish themselves successfully, rewarding you with lush greenery and abundant blooms as temperatures warm.

FAQs About What to Plant in December: Vegetables, Trees, and Bulbs

1. What plants can be planted in December in mild climates like California?

In regions with milder winters, such as California, a variety of vegetables and flowering plants can be planted in December. Leafy greens like lettuce, spinach, and Swiss chard thrive in cooler temperatures, while root vegetables such as carrots and beets establish well in winter soil. Flowering bulbs like tulips and daffodils can also be planted, as they require a cold period before blooming in spring. Additionally, citrus trees and evergreen shrubs can be introduced to the landscape, as they adapt well to the moderate winter conditions.

2. Can you plant a tree in December, or is it too cold?

Yes, December is an excellent time to plant trees, especially deciduous and evergreen varieties. During winter, trees are dormant, reducing transplant stress and allowing their root systems to develop before the growing season begins. As long as the ground is not frozen, trees like oaks, maples, and pines can be successfully planted in December. Mulching around the base helps regulate soil temperature and retains moisture, supporting strong root establishment.

3. Can you plant bulbs in December, or is it too late?

Many spring-blooming bulbs, including tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths, can still be planted in December if the ground is workable. These bulbs require a period of cold dormancy to trigger their growth cycle, making late fall and early winter ideal for planting. In regions with extremely cold winters, adding mulch on top of planted bulbs provides insulation and prevents frost heaving. Even if planting is delayed into December, the bulbs will still bloom in spring, though possibly slightly later than usual.

4. What vegetables can be planted in December for a winter harvest?

Several vegetables thrive when planted in December, particularly in regions with mild winters. Cold-hardy greens like kale, spinach, and collard greens continue growing through winter, providing fresh harvests. Root vegetables such as carrots, beets, and radishes establish strong roots in cool soil and are ready for early spring harvest. Additionally, garlic and onions benefit from being planted in December, as they require a long growing season before maturing in late spring or early summer.

5. Can you plant grass in December, or should you wait until spring?

Planting grass in December is possible in regions with mild winters, but it depends on the grass variety. Cool-season grasses such as fescue and ryegrass can be seeded in December, as they continue to germinate in cooler temperatures. However, in colder climates where the ground freezes, it is best to wait until early spring. For successful grass planting in winter, ensure the soil is well-prepared and avoid overwatering, as excessive moisture can lead to seed rot.

December planting offers an opportunity to prepare your garden for a flourishing new season. Cold-hardy vegetables grow steadily through winter, bulbs develop strong root systems for spring blooms, and trees and shrubs establish themselves in the dormant months. By choosing the right plants, protecting roots with mulch, and managing moisture levels, you can ensure your winter garden remains healthy and productive. Whether you are planting garlic, setting tulips in the ground, or adding an evergreen tree to your landscape, taking advantage of December’s planting opportunities lays the foundation for a vibrant and resilient garden.

Fern's Leafy Learnings

• Many vegetables, including leafy greens, root crops, and garlic, can be planted in December, benefiting from cool temperatures and establishing strong root systems for early harvests.

• Spring-blooming bulbs like tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths require a cold dormancy period and can still be planted in December, ensuring vibrant blooms in the coming months.

• Trees and shrubs, particularly deciduous species and evergreens, thrive when planted in December as the dormant season allows for strong root development before the spring growth cycle begins.

• Protecting winter plantings with mulch, proper watering techniques, and soil preparation helps prevent frost damage and supports healthy plant growth.

• Mild climates such as California allow for a broader range of December planting options, including vegetables, citrus trees, and flowering plants, while colder regions require added soil protection.

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