Root Rot

Overwatering

To address root rot in ball moss, it's crucial to first allow the plant to dry out by reducing watering frequency significantly. Ensure the plant is in well-draining soil and a pot with adequate drainage holes. If the rot is advanced, you may need to remove the affected roots and repot the plant in fresh soil. Monitoring the plant's watering needs more carefully in the future will prevent recurrence of the issue.

Browning and Drying

Underwatering

Ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata) is an epiphyte, meaning it absorbs moisture and nutrients from the air rather than the soil. However, in dry conditions, it can suffer. To remedy underwatering, mist the ball moss thoroughly with water every few days, especially during dry or hot periods. Ensure it's located in an area with good air circulation but not in direct, harsh sunlight. If indoors, a bathroom with natural light can provide a more humid environment. Regular misting mimics the natural humidity these plants thrive in.

Sap depletion

Scale insects

Scale insects can cause significant harm by sucking sap from the ball moss, weakening it. To manage this issue, it's advisable to first try removing the insects manually if the infestation is small. For larger infestations, applying horticultural oil or insecticidal soap directly to the affected areas can be effective. These treatments suffocate the pests without harming the plant. It's crucial to follow the product instructions carefully and possibly apply multiple treatments for complete eradication.

Fungal Infection

High humidity and poor air circulation

To manage fungal infections in ball moss, it's crucial to improve air circulation around the plant. This can be achieved by pruning dense foliage and ensuring the plant is not overcrowded. Additionally, reducing humidity levels can help prevent further fungal growth. If the infection is severe, applying a fungicide specifically designed for use on ball moss or similar plants may be necessary. Always follow the product's instructions for the best results.