Leaf Wilting and Curling

Underwatering

To address leaf wilting and curling caused by underwatering, it's crucial to establish a consistent watering schedule that keeps the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. For corn plants, this typically means watering once the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. During hot, dry periods, more frequent watering may be necessary. Additionally, mulching around the base of the plants can help retain soil moisture and reduce the need for frequent watering.

Corn Earworm

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)

To manage corn earworm, consider planting early maturing varieties of corn as these are less attractive to the moths for egg laying. Regularly inspect the ears for larvae. Biological control can be effective; introducing natural predators like Trichogramma spp. (parasitic wasps) can help reduce the population. For chemical control, apply appropriate insecticides when monitoring indicates high pest pressure. Always follow integrated pest management (IPM) practices to minimize the use of chemicals and focus on long-term prevention.

Corn Smut

Ustilago maydis fungus

Corn smut is a fungal disease that results in large, tumor-like galls on the ears, leaves, and stems of corn plants. To manage corn smut, practice crop rotation to reduce the fungal spores in the soil. Remove and destroy any infected plants or plant parts to prevent the spread of the fungus. Avoid injuring the plants, as wounds can be entry points for the fungus. Consider planting resistant corn varieties if available in your area. Chemical control is generally not recommended or necessary for home gardens.