Root Rot

Overwatering

To address root rot, first, stop watering the plant and allow the soil to dry out. If the plant is severely affected, remove it from its pot, trim away any black, mushy roots, and repot it in fresh, well-draining soil. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes. Going forward, water the plant only when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, and ensure it is in a pot that allows excess water to drain away freely.

Leaf Dropping

Underwatering

The Mexican Fortune Tree, also known as Pachira aquatica, requires consistent moisture to thrive but is also quite resilient to occasional underwatering. If you notice leaf dropping, it's a sign the plant is not receiving enough water. To remedy this, establish a regular watering schedule, ensuring the topsoil is slightly moist but not waterlogged. During warmer months, water the plant more frequently, and reduce watering in the cooler months. Always check the soil moisture level before watering to avoid overwatering.

Spider Mite Infestation

Spider mites are tiny pests that thrive in warm, dry conditions. They feed on the sap of the Mexican fortune tree, causing yellowing, speckled leaves, and potentially leading to leaf drop if the infestation is severe.

To combat spider mite infestations, increase humidity around your plant by misting it regularly or placing a humidifier nearby, as spider mites prefer dry conditions. Wash the leaves with a gentle stream of water to physically remove the mites, or use an insecticidal soap or neem oil solution, applying it directly to the affected areas. Ensure to treat the underside of the leaves where mites commonly reside. Repeat the treatment every 7-10 days until the infestation is under control.

Leaf Spot Disease

Fungal or bacterial pathogens

Leaf spot disease, characterized by discolored spots on the leaves, can be managed by improving air circulation around the plant and ensuring it's not overcrowded. Remove and dispose of any infected leaves to prevent spread. Avoid wetting the foliage when watering, as moisture on the leaves can promote the disease. In severe cases, applying a fungicide or bactericide, as appropriate, following the manufacturer's instructions, can help control the disease. Ensure the plant receives adequate light and nutrients to boost its overall health and resistance.