Root Rot

Overwatering

To address root rot, first, stop watering the plant and allow the soil to dry out. If the plant is severely affected, remove it from its pot and trim away any black, mushy roots, leaving only healthy, white roots. Repot the plant in fresh, well-draining soil and a clean pot. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes. Going forward, water the plant only when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, and avoid letting the pot sit in standing water.

Leaf Droop and Crispiness

Underwatering

To address underwatering in polka dot plants, it's crucial to establish a consistent watering schedule that keeps the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Check the soil moisture by inserting your finger about an inch deep; if it feels dry, it's time to water. Use lukewarm water to avoid shocking the plant's roots. If the plant has severely dried out, soak the pot in a tray of water for about 30 minutes to rehydrate the soil thoroughly. Adjust your watering frequency with seasonal changes, as plants may need more water during warmer months.

Spider Mite Infestation

Spider mites are tiny spider-like pests that feed on the sap of the polka dot plant, causing yellowing, speckled leaves, and webbing on the plant.

To combat spider mites, first isolate the affected plant to prevent spread. Increase humidity around the plant as spider mites thrive in dry conditions. Wash the plant gently with water to remove mites and their webs. For severe infestations, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, applying it directly to the leaves and stems, ensuring to cover the undersides of the leaves where mites commonly reside. Repeat the treatment every 7-10 days until the infestation is cleared.

Leaf Spot Disease

Fungal or bacterial pathogens

To manage leaf spot disease, start by removing and destroying any affected leaves to prevent the spread. Improve air circulation around your plants by not overcrowding them and ensuring they're in a well-ventilated area. Avoid wetting the foliage when watering, as damp leaves can encourage the development of the disease. If the infection is severe, applying a fungicide or bactericide, as appropriate, according to the product's instructions, can help control the spread.